What is colon cancer?
Colon cancer is cancer that originates in the colon or rectum (the part of the digestive system extracts the nutrients from food and stores waste until it passes out of the body). Colon cancer occurs when cells in the colon or rectum become abnormal and divide in an uncontrolled manner and without order. Cancer cells can invade and destroy the tissue around them. They can also break the tumor and spread to form new tumors in other parts of the body.
Causes of Colon Cancer
It is unknown the exact causes of colon cancer. However, studies have shown that certain factors increase the likelihood that a person will develop this cancer:
1. Age. Colon cancer is more likely to occur as people get older. Most people who develop colon cancer are over 50 years of age. However, the disease can occur at any age.
2. Diet. The development of colon cancer seems to be related to a diet high in fat and calories and low in fiber foods such as whole grains, fruits and vegetables. Researchers are exploring the role that these and other dietary components on colon cancer development.
3. Polyps. Polyps are benign (not cancerous) in the inner lining of the colon or rectum. Because most colorectal cancers develop in polyps, detecting and removing these growth may be a way to prevent colorectal cancer. Familial polyposis is an inherited condition, rare, in which hundreds of polyps develop in the colon and rectum. Unless this condition is treated, it is likely that the person develops colorectal cancer.
4. Personal history. The person who has already had colorectal cancer may develop a second time. In addition, research shows that women with a history of ovarian cancer, uterine or breast cancer have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer.
5. Family history. Close relatives (parents, siblings or children) of a person who has had colon cancer are more likely to develop this cancer, especially if the relative developed cancer when young. If several family members have had colon cancer, the chances increase even more.
6. Ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis is a condition that inflames the lining of the colon. People with ulcerative colitis are more likely to develop colorectal cancer.
People who have any risk factors for colorectal cancer (see question 2) should consult their doctor about when to begin screening, what tests must be performed and how often to schedule consultations. The doctor can specify one or more tests as part of regular checkups.
